AlphaGo勝棋王

AlphaGo Games

by Fan Hui, 2p

Through continued development, AlphaGo has created a unique and extremely powerful approach to the game of Go. To articulate its innovations as fully as possible, I enlisted the help of world champions Gu Li 9p and Zhou Ruiyang 9p. Together, we conducted an exhaustive analysis of the five games between AlphaGo and Lee Sedol, and of three games AlphaGo played against itself shortly before the match. We found its ideas both exciting and inspiring, and it became clear to us that AlphaGo represents not only a scientific and technological advancement, but also a milestone in human understanding of Go. Unconstrained by human biases, and free to experiment with radical new approaches, AlphaGo has demonstrated great open-mindedness and invigorated the game with creative new strategies. Of course, no one strategy can guarantee a player’s success, but learning from these games is sure to have a positive, enlightening impact on one’s Go strength and style.

You may note that some games are shown with Black's first stone in the lower left. Although this is not the traditional orientation, this commentary presents many of AlphaGo's own analyses, so we thought it would be interesting also to give a sense of AlphaGo's perspective. The following games are presented exactly as they were entered into AlphaGo, so the reader will experience the self-play games the same way they were created, and the five-game match just as Aja Huang did when sitting across from Lee Sedol.

The variations presented herein are very complex, so I suggest you play them out yourself while reading to better understand these fascinating games.

來源:https://deepmind.com/research/alphago/alphago-games-english/

What:  AlphaGo

When: Monday, 5 September 2016

Who  : AlphaGo

Why  :To articulate its innovations as fully as possible,

How  :Conducted an exhaustive analysis of the five games between AlphaGo and Lee Sedol, and of three games AlphaGo played against itself shortly before the match.
keyword:
1.development:發展
2.innovations:創新
3.scientific:科學
4.champions:冠軍
5.game:遊戲

茲卡病毒

First Zika Birth Defect Reported in Puerto Rico

by ASSOCIATED PRESS

Puerto Rico on Friday reported its first case of a baby born with microcephaly as a result of a Zika infection, raising concerns because officials said the medical condition wasn't identified until the mother was nearly eight months pregnant.

The baby was born in the past two weeks with severe brain defects as well as hearing and vision problems and remains hospitalized, according to Health Secretary Ana Rius.

She said authorities are investigating why the microcephaly case was identified so late although the mother had Zika symptoms between her second and third month of pregnancy. She added that the mother did not receive continuous prenatal care until late in her second trimester.

Rius declined to provide any other details, except to say that the case occurred in the capital of San Juan. She also stressed that all pregnant women should demand to be tested for Zika in their first, second and third trimesters.

Puerto Rico has a Zika epidemic with nearly 31,500 cases reported, including more than 2,400 in pregnant women. A total of 233 people have been hospitalized and six deaths have been reported, four of them linked to Zika and other medical conditions and the remaining two to a paralyzing condition called Guillain-Barre syndrome known to be caused by Zika and other infections.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expects a surge of babies born with severe deformities in Puerto Rico in upcoming months. A recent study estimates that up to 10,300 pregnant women on the island could be infected with Zika and that between 100 to 270 babies could be born with microcephaly.

"It's definitely very serious," said Dr. Francisco Alvarado-Ramy, the CDC's deputy incident manager for Zika response. "It represents an enormous challenge from not only a family perspective ... (but) the emotional burden, the financial burden.""It's definitely very serious," said Dr. Francisco Alvarado-Ramy, the CDC's deputy incident manager for Zika response. "It represents an enormous challenge from not only a family perspective ... (but) the emotional burden, the financial burden."

"It's definitely very serious," said Dr. Francisco Alvarado-Ramy, the CDC's deputy incident manager for Zika response. "It represents an enormous challenge from not only a family perspective ... (but) the emotional burden, the financial burden."

He said in a telephone interview that there will likely be more cases in which microcephaly will not be identified until late in the pregnancy because up to 15 percent of women in Puerto Rico don't seek prenatal care in the first trimester for various reasons, including socioeconomic ones.

Rius said she's aware of least five other pregnant women in Puerto Rico whose fetuses have microcephaly. They are expected to give birth between November and January.

The epidemic hits at a time when Puerto Rico is mired in amid a deep economic crisis that officials say has depleted government funds. The island has been seeking more federal funds to help fight the weekly increase in cases that has hit the tourism industry hard.

The baby born with microcephaly will be referred to public health clinics, where the child will receive medical care up to age 3, Rius said.

"If it survives, it will be referred to other childhood programs," she said.

來源:http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/zika-virus-outbreak/first-zika-birth-defect-reported-puerto-rico-n675326

What:  ZIKA VIRUS

When:  2016

Who  :  Pregnant women in Puerto Rico

Why  : Zika can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. Infection during pregnancy can cause certain birth defects.
where: Puerto Rico
How  :not even

Keywords：
1.Zika Virus:茲卡病毒
2.microcephaly:小頭症
3.symptoms:症狀
4.pregnant women:孕婦
5.paralyzing:麻痺
6.syndrome:綜合症
7.Prevention:預防
8.deformities:畸形
9.enormous:巨大
10.epidemic:疫情

2015年代表字

The Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year is… an emoji

As 2015 draws to a close, it’s time to look back and see which words have been significant throughout the past twelve months, and to announce the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year. Without further ado, we can reveal that the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2015 is…Face With Tears of Joy

For the first time ever, the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year is a pictograph, officially called the ‘Face with Tears of Joy’ emoji.

An emoji is a small digital image or icon used to express an idea or emotion in electronic communication. The term is a loanword from Japanese and comes from e ‘picture’ + moji ‘letter, character’. It was used in English-language Japanese publications as early as 1997 but remained rare outside of Japanese contexts until 2011, when Apple launched iOS 5 with emoji support. Emoji is not to be confused with emoticon, a facial expression composed of keyboard characters — such as ;) — rather than a stylized image.

Why was an emoji chosen?

Emojis (the plural can be either emoji or emojis) have been around since the late 1990s, but this year saw their use, and use of the word emoji, increase hugely. According to data from the Oxford Dictionaries New Monitor Corpus, usage of the word emoji more than tripled in 2015 over the previous year.

Face with Tears of Joy’ was the most used emoji globally in 2015, according to research carried out bySwiftKey, the makers of a smart keyboard app and emoji keyboard. SwiftKey identified that ‘Face with Tears of Joy’ made up 20% of all the emojis used in the United Kingdom in 2015, and 17% of those in the United States, a sharp rise from 4% and 9% respectively in 2014.

Emojis have been embraced as a nuanced form of expression, and one which can cross language barriers. Earlier this year Unicode 8 introduced more diverse emoji, including individuals with various skin tones as well as long-requested symbols such as the mosque, the cricket bat, and the taco. Politicians have solicited emoji answers; works of literature have been ‘translated’; emojis have become part of social campaigns.

The Word of the Year shortlist:

·                     ad blocker, noun: a piece of software designed to prevent advertisements from appearing on a web page.

·                     Brexit, noun: A term for the potential or hypothetical departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union, from British + exit.

·                     Dark Web, noun: the part of the World Wide Web that is only accessible by means of special software, allowing users and website operators to remain anonymous or untraceable

·                     on fleek, noun: extremely good, attractive, or stylish

·                     lumbersexual, noun: a young urban man who cultivates an appearance and style of dress (typified by a beard and check shirt) suggestive of a rugged outdoor lifestyle

·                     refugee, noun: A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.

·                     sharing economy, noun: An economic system in which assets or services are shared between private individuals, either for free or for a fee, typically by means of the Internet.

·                     they (singular), pronoun: Used to refer to a person of unspecified sex.

A version of this article originally appeared on the OxfordWords blog.

·                                 POSTED IN:

·                                 DICTIONARIES & LEXICOGRAPHY

·                                 EDITOR'S PICKS

·                                 LANGUAGE

·                                 WORD OF THE YEAR

來源: http://blog.oup.com/2015/11/oxford-dictionaries-word-of-the-year-2015-emoji-face-tears-joy/

What:  The Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year

When:  2015

Who  :  The Oxford Dictionaries

Why  :Emoji is not to be confused with emoticon, a facial expression composed of keyboard characters 

How:not even

Keywords：
1. emoji:表情符號
2.digital:數字
3. loanword:借詞
4.publications:出版物
5.stylized:程式化
6.emoticon:表情
7.expression:表達
8.keyboard:鍵盤
9.introduced:介紹
10.individuals:個人